Unicode code points that can affect rendering, direction, spacing, or segmentation without appearing as visible glyphs in typical editors.
A computing industry standard for consistent encoding and representation of text.
Whitespace characters with different semantics (e.g., breaking vs non-breaking) that can change layout and parsing behavior.
Invisible or structural characters preserved or introduced through clipboard transport and platform sanitization.
Converting text to a canonical form to reduce variation across systems.
A JSON-based serialization for Linked Data commonly used for structured data on the web.